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PWM frequency of the driver circuit in a car is probably quite low , about 200 Hz so most won't see the flicker.. During a single switching cycle (5ms in this case), the duty cycle (on to off time) can be varied anywhere from 1% to >90% in theory, giving a huge dimming range. In practice, the duty cycle will be fixed about 50% for headlights. Rear light cluster might vary PWM e.g stamp on brakes, you want higher light output - increase the PWM in rear red LEDS.
Your interior LED ambient lighting works in the same way .. As you turn the wheel up and down on I drive , the duty cycle increases or decreases effectively increasing or decreasing the time current flows through the LED's, effectively increasing or decreasing the light output.
Compares to incandescent, LED give much better controlled light frequency output, though the biggest gain is electrical efficiency and longevity ..
Good for most , though some folks can be sensitive to particular light spectrum..
Not sure why it's different running vs non running ..
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